Communication plastic optical cable is a type of communication cable used to transmit optical signals, consisting of optical fibers and plastic protective layers. It has a smaller diameter, is lightweight and flexible, easy to peel and install, and is suitable for short-distance transmission and indoor wiring applications.
The main components of optical cables used in communication plastics include optical fibers, protective layers, stranding layers, and sheaths. The composition and working principle of each part will be detailed below.
1. Optical fiber: The optical fiber is the core part of the plastic optical cable, used to transmit optical signals. The optical fiber consists of one or more optical fiber cores and a refractive layer surrounding the outside. The optical fiber core is the transmission channel for optical signals, usually made of high-purity silica or plastic, etc., with high light transmission performance. The refractive layer is a layer of material surrounding the outside of the optical fiber core, used to protect the optical fiber core from the influence of the external environment.
2. Protective layer: The protective layer is an outer layer of protection for optical fiber, usually made of polymer materials such as polyethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, etc. The protective layer is mainly used to provide physical protection for the optical fiber, preventing damage from stretching, bending, crushing, etc. In addition, the protective layer can improve the heat resistance, corrosion resistance, and other properties of the optical cable, enhancing the service life of the optical cable.
3. Twisted layer: The twisted layer is a structural layer used to fix the optical fiber and the protective layer, usually made of materials such as polyester, polypropylene, etc. The function of the twisted layer is to maintain the relative position of the optical fiber and the protective layer unchanged, preventing them from moving and relative displacement, to ensure the normal transmission and use of the optical fiber.
4. Jacket: The jacket is the outer protective structure of the plastic optical cable, usually made of materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene (PE). The jacket is mainly used to provide overall protection for the entire optical cable, preventing external physical damage and chemical corrosion. The jacket can also provide mechanical strength and fire resistance for the optical cable, ensuring the safety and stability of the optical cable during use.
The working principle of communication plastic optical cable is based on the characteristic of fiber optic transmission of optical signals. Optical signals are transmitted through the light waves in the fiber core. When the optical signal enters the fiber core, due to the characteristics of the refractive layer in the fiber core, the optical signal will continuously reflect and transmit in the fiber core, thus achieving the transmission of the signal.
The transmission process of optical signals can be simply described as the following steps:
1) The transmitting end generates an optical signal, typically by converting an electrical signal into an optical signal through a light source such as a laser or light-emitting diode.
2) The optical signal is modulated and then enters the fiber core of the optical fiber.
3) The light signal is transmitted through the fiber core by total reflection, while constantly attenuating and dispersing.
4) After the optical signal is transmitted to the receiving end, it is converted into an electrical signal through devices such as a demodulator, which are optical-electrical conversion devices, to achieve the reception and processing of information.
Summary:
Through the above introduction, we can understand that the communication plastic optical cable is composed of fiber, protective layer, stranding layer and sheath, etc. The optical signal is transmitted in the fiber core, and the transmission and reception of the signal are realized through the characteristics of the fiber and the synergistic work of the equipment. Communication plastic optical cables are widely used in telecommunications, Internet and data transmission and other fields because of their superior characteristics, which provide an important infrastructure for people's communication and information exchange.